Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4

I : Choose correct alternatives.
Question 1.
If the equation 4x2 + hxy + y2 = 0 represents two coincident lines, then h = _________.

(A) ± 2
(B) ± 3
(C) ± 4
(D) ± 5
Solution:
(C) ± 4

Question 2.
If the lines represented by kx2 – 3xy + 6y2 = 0 are perpendicular to each other then _________.

(A) k = 6
(B) k = -6
(C) k = 3
(D) k = -3
Solution:
(B) k = -6

Question 3.
Auxiliary equation of 2x2 + 3xy – 9y2 = 0 is _________.

(A) 2m2 + 3m – 9 = 0
(B) 9m2 – 3m – 2 = 0
(C) 2m2 – 3m + 9 = 0
(D) -9m2 – 3m + 2 = 0
Solution:
(B) 9m2 – 3m – 2 = 0

Question 4.
The difference between the slopes of the lines represented by 3x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 is _________.

(A) 2
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 4
Solution:
(A) 2

Question 5.
If the two lines ax2 +2hxy+ by2 = 0 make angles α and β with X-axis, then tan (α + β) = _____.

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Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 1

Question 6.

(A) 1 : 2
(B) 2 : 1
(C) 8 : 9
(D) 9 : 8
Solution:
(D) 9 : 8
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 2

Question 7.
The joint equation of the lines through the origin and perpendicular to the pair of lines 3x2 + 4xy – 5y2 = 0 is _________.

(A) 5x2 + 4xy – 3y2 = 0
(B) 3x2 + 4xy – 5y2 = 0
(C) 3x2 – 4xy + 5y2 = 0
(D) 5x2 + 4xy + 3y2 = 0
Solution:
(A) 5x2 + 4xy – 3y2 = 0

Question 8.
If acute angle between lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is, π4 then 4h2 = _________.

(A) a2 + 4ab + b2
(B) a2 + 6ab + b2
(C) (a + 2b)(a + 3b)
(D) (a – 2b)(2a + b)
Solution:
(B) a2 + 6ab + b2

Question 9.
If the equation 3x2 – 8xy + qy2 + 2x + 14y + p = 1 represents a pair of perpendicular lines then
the values of p and q are respectively _________.

(A) -3 and -7
(B) -7 and -3
(C) 3 and 7
(D) -7 and 3
Solution:
(B) -7 and -3

Question 10.
The area of triangle formed by the lines x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 and x – y – 4 = 0 is _________.

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Question 11.
The combined equation of the co-ordinate axes is _________.

(A) x + y = 0
(B) x y = k
(C) xy = 0
(D) x – y = k
Solution:
(C) xy = 0

Question 12.
If h2 = ab, then slope of lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 are in the ratio _________.

(A) 1 : 2
(B) 2 : 1
(C) 2 : 3
(D) 1 : 1
Solution:
(D) 1 : 1
[Hint: If h2 = ab, then lines are coincident. Therefore slopes of the lines are equal.]

Question 13.
If slope of one of the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is 5 times the slope of the other, then 5h2 = _________.
(A) ab
(B) 2 ab
(C) 7 ab
(D) 9 ab
Solution:
(D) 9 ab

Question 14.
If distance between lines (x – 2y)2 + k(x – 2y) = 0 is 3 units, then k =

(A) ± 3
(B) ± 5√5
(C) 0
(D) ± 3√5
Solution:
(D) ± 3√5
[Hint: (x – 2y)2 + k(x – 2y) = 0
∴ (x – 2y)(x – 2y + k) = 0
∴ equations of the lines are x – 2y = 0 and x – 2y + k = 0 which are parallel to each other.
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II. Solve the following.
Question 1.
Find the joint equation of lines:
(i) x – y = 0 and x + y = 0
Solution:

The joint equation of the lines x – y = 0 and
x + y = 0 is
(x – y)(x + y) = 0
∴ x2 – y2 = 0.

(ii) x + y – 3 = 0 and 2x + y – 1 = 0
Solution:

The joint equation of the lines x + y – 3 = 0 and 2x + y – 1 = 0 is
(x + y – 3)(2x + y – 1) = 0
∴ 2x2 + xy – x + 2xy + y2 – y – 6x – 3y + 3 = 0
∴ 2x2 + 3xy + y2 – 7x – 4y + 3 = 0.

(iii) Passing through the origin and having slopes 2 and 3.
Solution:

We know that the equation of the line passing through the origin and having slope m is y = mx. Equations of the lines passing through the origin and having slopes 2 and 3 are y = 2x and y = 3x respectively.
i.e. their equations are
2x – y = 0 and 3x – y = 0 respectively.
∴ their joint equation is (2x – y)(3x – y) = 0
∴ 6x2 – 2xy – 3xy + y2 = 0
∴ 6x2 – 5xy + y2 = 0.

(iv) Passing through the origin and having inclinations 60° and 120°.
Solution:

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(v) Passing through (1, 2) amd parallel to the co-ordinate axes.
Solution:

Equations of the coordinate axes are x = 0 and y = 0
∴ the equations of the lines passing through (1, 2) and parallel to the coordinate axes are x = 1 and y =1
i.e. x – 1 = 0 and y – 2 0
∴ their combined equation is
(x – 1)(y – 2) = 0
∴ x(y – 2) – 1(y – 2) = 0
∴ xy – 2x – y + 2 = 0

(vi) Passing through (3, 2) and parallel to the line x = 2 and y = 3.
Solution:

Equations of the lines passing through (3, 2) and parallel to the lines x = 2 and y = 3 are x = 3 and y = 2.
i.e. x – 3 = 0 and y – 2 = 0
∴ their joint equation is
(x – 3)(y – 2) = 0
∴ xy – 2x – 3y + 6 = 0.

(vii) Passing through (-1, 2) and perpendicular to the lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 5 = 0.
Solution:

Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through the origin and perpendicular to the lines x + 2y + 3 = 0 and 3x – 4y – 5 = 0 respectively.
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Since the lines L1 and L2 pass through the point (-1, 2), their equations are
∴ (y – y1) = m(x – x1)
∴ (y – 2) = 2(x + 1)
⇒ y – 1 = 2x + 2
⇒ 2x – y + 4 = 0 and
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⇒ 3y – 6 = (-4)(x + 1)
⇒ 3y – 6 = -4x + 4
⇒ 4x + 3y – 6 + 4 = 0
⇒ 4x + 3y – 2 = 0
their combined equation is
∴ (2x – y + 4)(4x + 3y – 2) = 0
∴ 8x2 + 6xy – 4x – 4xy – 3y2 + 2y + 16x + 12y – 8 = 0
∴ 8x2 + 2xy + 12x – 3y2 + 14y – 8 = 0

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Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 4
∴ (1 – 3)x2 – 2xy + y2 = 0
∴ -2x2 – 2xy + y2 = 0
∴ 2x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0
This is the required combined equation.

(ix) Which are at a distance of 9 units from the Y – axis.
Solution:
Equations of the lines, which are parallel to the Y-axis and at a distance of 9 units from it, are x = 9 and x = -9
i.e. x – 9 = 0 and x + 9 = 0
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∴ their combined equation is
(x – 9)(x + 9) = 0
∴ x2 – 81 = 0.

(x) Passing through the point (3, 2), one of which is parallel to the line x – 2y = 2 and other is perpendicular to the line y = 3.
Solution:

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Let L2 be the line passes through (3, 2) and perpendicular to the line y = 3.
∴ equation of the line L2 is of the form x = a.
Since L2 passes through (3, 2), 3 = a
∴ equation of the line L2 is x = 3, i.e. x – 3 = 0
Hence, the equations of the required lines are
x – 2y + 1 = 0 and x – 3 = 0
∴ their joint equation is
(x – 2y + 1)(x – 3) = 0
∴ x2 – 2xy + x – 3x + 6y – 3 = 0
∴ x2 – 2xy – 2x + 6y – 3 = 0.

(xi) Passing through the origin and perpendicular to the lines x + 2y = 19 and 3x + y = 18.
Solution:
Let L1 and L2 be the lines passing through the origin and perpendicular to the lines x + 2y = 19 and 3x + y = 18 respectively.
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Since the lines L1 and L2 pass through the origin, their equations are
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i.e. 2x – y = 0 and x – 3y = 0
∴ their combined equation is
(2x – y)(x – 3y) = 0
∴ 2x2 – 6xy – xy + 3y2 = 0
∴ 2x2 – 7xy + 3y2 = 0.

Question 2.
Show that each of the following equation represents a pair of lines.
(i) x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0
Solution:

Comparing the equation x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 1, 2h = 2, i.e. h = 1 and b = -1
∴ h2 – ab = (1)2 – 1(-1) = 1 + 1=2 > 0
Since the equation x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree and h2 – ab > 0, the given equation represents a pair of lines which are real and distinct.

(ii) 4x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0
Solution:

Comparing the equation 4x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 4, 2h = 4, i.e. h = 2 and b = 1
∴ h2 – ab = (2)2 – 4(1) = 4 – 4 = 0
Since the equation 4x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree and h2 – ab = 0, the given equation represents a pair of lines which are real and coincident.

(iii) x2 – y2 = 0
Solution:

Comparing the equation x2 – y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 1, 2h = 0, i.e. h = 0 and b = -1
∴ h2 – ab = (0)2 – 1(-1) = 0 + 1 = 1 > 0
Since the equation x2 – y2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree and h2 – ab > 0, the given equation represents a pair of lines which are real and distinct.

(iv) x2 + 7xy – 2y2 = 0
Solution:

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Since the equation x2 + 7xy – 2y2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second degree and h2 – ab > 0, the given equation represents a pair of lines which are real and distinct.

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Question 3.
Find the separate equations of lines represented by the following equations:
(i) 6x2 – 5xy – 6y2 = 0
Solution:

6x2 – 5xy – 6y2 = 0
∴ 6x2 – 9xy + 4xy – 6y2 = 0
∴ 3x(2x – 3y) + 2y(2x – 3y) = 0
∴ (2x – 3y)(3x + 2y) = 0
∴ the separate equations of the lines are
2x – 3y = 0 and 3x + 2y = 0.

(ii) x2 – 4y2 = 0
Solution:

x2 – 4y2 = 0
∴ x2 – (2y)2 = 0
∴(x – 2y)(x + 2y) = 0
∴ the separate equations of the lines are
x – 2y = 0 and x + 2y = 0.

(iii) 3x2 – y2 = 0
Solution:

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(iv) 2x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0
Solution:

2x2 + 2xy – y2 = 0
∴ The auxiliary equation is -m2 + 2m + 2 = 0
∴ m2 – 2m – 2 = 0
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Question 4.
Find the joint equation of the pair of lines through the origin and perpendicular to the lines
given by :
(i) x2 + 4xy – 5y2 = 0
Solution:

Comparing the equation x2 + 4xy – 5y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 1, 2h = 4, b= -5
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by x2 + 4xy – 5y2 = 0.
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 6
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(ii) 2x2 – 3xy – 9y2 = 0
Solution:

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(iii) x2 + xy – y2 = 0
Solution:

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Question 5.
Find k if
(i) The sum of the slopes of the lines given by 3x2 + kxy – y2 = 0 is zero.
Solution:

Comparing the equation 3x2 + kxy – y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 3, 2h = k, b = -1
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by 3x2 + kxy – y2 = 0.
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Now, m1 + m2 = 0 … (Given)
∴ k = 0.

(ii) The sum of slopes of the lines given by 2x2 + kxy – 3y2 = 0 is equal to their product.
Question is modified.
The sum of slopes of the lines given by x2 + kxy – 3y2 = 0 is equal to their product.
Solution:

Comparing the equation x2 + kxy – 3y2 = 0, with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 1, 2h = k, b = -3
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by x2 + kxy – 3y2 = 0.
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(iii) The slope of one of the lines given by 3x2 – 4xy + ky2 = 0 is 1.
Solution:

The auxiliary equation of the lines given by 3x2 – 4xy + ky2 = 0 is km2 – 4m + 3 = 0.
Given, slope of one of the lines is 1.
∴ m = 1 is the root of the auxiliary equation km2 – 4m + 3 = 0.
∴ k(1)2 – 4(1) + 3 = 0
∴ k – 4 + 3 = 0
∴ k = 1.

(iv) One of the lines given by 3x2 – kxy + 5y2 = 0 is perpendicular to the 5x + 3y = 0.
Solution:

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(v) The slope of one of the lines given by 3x2 + 4xy + ky2 = 0 is three times the other.
Solution:

3x2 + 4xy + ky2 = 0
∴ divide by x2
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 7
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(vi) The slopes of lines given by kx2 + 5xy + y2 = 0 differ by 1.
Solution:
Comparing the equation kx2 + 5xy +y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2
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the slope of the line differ by (m1 – m2) = 1 …(1)
∴ (m1 – m2)2 = (m1 + m2)2 – 4m1m2
(m1 – m2)2 = (-5)2 – 4(k)
(m1 – m2)2 = 25 – 4k
1 = 25 – 4k ..[By (1)]
4k = 24
k = 6

(vii) One of the lines given by 6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is 2x + y = 0.
Solution:

The auxiliary equation of the lines represented by 6x2 + kxy + y2 = 0 is
m2 + km + 6 = 0.
Since one of the line is 2x + y = 0 whose slope is m = -2.
∴ m = -2 is the root of the auxiliary equation m2 + km + 6 = 0.
∴ (-2)2 + k(-2) + 6 = 0
∴ 4 – 2k + 6 = 0
∴ 2k = 10 ∴ k = 5

Question 6.
Find the joint equation of the pair of lines which bisect angle between the lines given by x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 0
Solution:

x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 0
∴ x2 + 2xy + xy + 2y2 = 0
∴ x(x + 2y) + y(x + 2y) = 0
∴ (x + 2y)(x + y) = 0
∴ separate equations of the lines represented by x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 0 are x + 2y = 0 and x + y = 0.
Let P (x, y) be any point on one of the angle bisector. Since the points on the angle bisectors are equidistant from both the lines,
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the distance of P (x, y) from the line x + 2y = 0
= the distance of P(x, y) from the line x + y = 0
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 9
∴ 2(x + 2y)2 = 5(x + y)2
∴ 2(x2 + 4xy + 4y2) = 5(x2 + 2xy + y2)
∴ 2x2 + 8xy + 8y2 = 5x2 + 10xy + 5y2
∴ 3x2 + 2xy – 3y2 = 0.
This is the required joint equation of the lines which bisect the angles between the lines represented by x2 + 3xy + 2y2 = 0.

Question 7.
Find the joint equation of the pair of lies through the origin and making equilateral triangle with the line x = 3.
Solution:

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Let OA and OB be the lines through the origin making an angle of 60° with the line x = 3.
∴ OA and OB make an angle of 30° and 150° with the positive direction of X-axis
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Question 8.
Show that the lines x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 and x + y = 10 contain the sides of an equilateral triangle. Find the area of the triangle.
Solution:

We find the joint equation of the pair of lines OA and OB through origin, each making an angle of 60° with x + y = 10 whose slope is -1.
Let OA (or OB) has slope m.
∴ its equation is y = mx … (1)
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∴ x2 – 4xy + y\left(\frac{y}{x}\right) = 0 is the joint equation of the two lines through the origin each making an angle of 60° with x + y = 10
∴ x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 and x + y = 10 form a triangle OAB which is equilateral.
Let seg OM ⊥r line AB whose question is x + y = 10
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 11

Question 9.
If the slope of one of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is three times the other then prove that 3h2 = 4ab.
Solution:
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
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Question 10.
Find the combined equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by 5x2 + 6xy – y2 = 0.
Solution:

Comparing the equation 5x2 + 6xy – y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = 5, 2h = 6, b = -1
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by 5x2 + 6xy – y2 = 0.
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The separate equations of the lines are
y = m1x and y = m2x, where m1 ≠ m2
i.e. m1x – y = 0 and m1x – y = 0.
Let P (x, y) be any point on one of the bisector of the angles between the lines.
∴ the distance of P from the line m1x – y = 0 is equal to the distance of P from the line m2x – y = 0.
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 13
∴ (m22 + 1)(m1x – y)2 = (m12 + 1)(m2x – y)2
∴ (m22 + 1)(m12x2 – 2m1xy + y2) = (m12 + 1)(m22x2 – 2m2xy + y2)
∴ m12m22x2 – 2m1m12y2xy + m22y2 + m12x2 – 2m12xy + y2
= m12m22x2 – 2m12m2xy + m12y2 + m22x2 – 2m2xy + y2
∴ (m12 – m22)x2 + 2m1m2(m1 – m2)xy – 2(m1 – m2)xy – (m12 – m22)y2 = 0
Dividing throughout by m1 – m2 (≠0), we get,
(m1 + m2)x2 + 2m1m2xy – 2xy – (m1 + m2)y2 = 0
∴ 6x2 – 10xy – 2xy – 6y2 = 0 …[By (1)]
∴ 6x2 – 12xy – 6y2 = 0
∴ x2 – 2xy – y2 = 0
This is the joint equation of the bisectors of the angles between the lines represented by 5x2 + 6xy – y2 = 0.

Question 11.
Find a, if the sum of the slopes of the lines represented by ax2 + 8xy + 5y2 = 0 is twice their product.
Solution :

Comparing the equation ax2 + 8xy + 5y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0,
we get, a = a, 2h = 8, b = 5
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by ax2 + 8xy + 5y2 = 0.
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Question 12.
If the line 4x – 5y = 0 coincides with one of the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, then show that 25a + 40h +16b = 0.
Solution :

The auxiliary equation of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is bm2 + 2hm + a = 0
Given that 4x – 5y = 0 is one of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
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Question 13.
Show that the following equations represent a pair of lines. Find the acute angle between them :
(i) 9x2 – 6xy + y2 + 18x – 6y + 8 = 0
Solution:

Comparing this equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, we get,
a = 9, h = -3, b = 1, g = 9, f = -3 and c = 8.
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= 9(8 – 9) + 3(-24 + 27) + 9(9 – 9)
= 9(-1) + 3(3) + 9(0)
= -9 + 9 + 0 = 0
and h2 – ab = (-3)2 – 9(1) = 9 – 9 = 0
∴ the given equation represents a pair of lines.
Let θ be the acute angle between the lines.
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∴ tan θ = tan0°
∴ θ = 0°.

(ii) 2x2 + xy – y2 + x + 4y – 3 = 0
Solution:
Comparing this equation with
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy+ c = 0, we get,
a = 2, h = 1/2, b = -1, g = 1/2, f = 2 and c = -3
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 15
= -2 + 1 + 1
= -2 + 2= 0
∴ the given equation represents a pair of lines.
Let θ be the acute angle between the lines.
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 16
∴ tan θ = tan 3
∴ θ = tan-1(3)

(iii) (x – 3)2 + (x – 3)(y – 4) – 2(y – 4)2 = 0.
Solution :
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Hence, it represents a pair of lines passing through the new origin (3, 4).
Let θ be the acute angle between the lines.
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∴ tanθ = 3 ∴ θ = tan-1(3)

Question 14.
Find the combined equation of pair of lines through the origin each of which makes angle of 60° with the Y-axis.
Solution:

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Let OA and OB be the lines through the origin making an angle of 60° with the Y-axis.
Then OA and OB make an angle of 30° and 150° with the positive direction of X-axis.
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Question 15.
If lines representedby ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 make angles of equal measures with the co-ordinate
axes then show that a = ± b.
OR
Show that, one of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 will make an angle of the same measure with the X-axis as the other makes with the Y-axis, if a = ± b.
Solution:

Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 19
Let OA and OB be the two lines through the origin represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
Since these lines make angles of equal measure with the coordinate axes, they make angles ∝ and π/2 – ∝ with the positive direction of X-axis or ∝ and π/2 + ∝ with thepositive direction of X-axis.
∴ slope of the line OA = m1 = tan ∝
and slope of the line OB = m2
= tan(π/2 – ∝) or tan(π/2 + ∝)
i.e. m2 = cot ∝ or m2 = -cot ∝
∴ m1m2 – tan ∝ x cot ∝ = 1
OR m1m2 = tan ∝ (-cot ∝) = -1
i.e. m1m2 = ± 1
But m1m2 = a/b
∴ a/b= ±1 ∴ a = ±b
This is the required condition.

Question 16.
Show that the combined equation of a pair of lines through the origin and each making an angle of ∝ with the line x + y = 0 is x2 + 2(sec 2∝) xy + y2 = 0.
Solution:

Let OA and OB be the required lines.
Let OA (or OB) has slope m.
∴ its equation is y = mx … (1)
It makes an angle ∝ with x + y = 0 whose slope is -1. m +1
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∴ tan2∝(1 – 2m + m2) = m2 + 2m + 1
∴ tan2∝ – 2m tan2∝ + m2tan2∝ = m2 + 2m + 1
∴ (tan2∝ – 1)m2 – 2(1 + tan2∝)m + (tan2∝ – 1) = 0
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 20
∴ y2 + 2xysec2∝ + x2 = 0
∴ x2 + 2(sec2∝)xy + y2 = 0 is the required equation.

Question 17.
Show that the line 3x + 4y+ 5 = 0 and the lines (3x + 4y)2 – 3(4x – 3y)2 =0 form an equilateral triangle.
Solution:
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Let m be the slope of one of the line making an angle of 60° with the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0. The angle between the lines having slope m and m1 is 60°.
word image 19146 54
On squaring both sides, we get,
word image 19146 55
∴ 3 (4 – 3m)2 = (4m + 3)2
∴ 3(16 – 24m + 9m2) = 16m2 + 24m + 9
∴ 48 – 72m + 27m2 = 16m2 + 24m + 9
∴ 11m2 – 96m + 39 = 0
This is the auxiliary equation of the two lines and their joint equation is obtained by putting m = y/x.
∴ the combined equation of the two lines is
word image 19146 56
∴ 11y2 – 96xy + 39x2 = 0
∴ 39x2 – 96xy + 11y2 = 0.
∴ 39x2 – 96xy + 11y2 = 0 is the joint equation of the two lines through the origin each making an angle of 60° with the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0.
The equation 39x2 – 96xy + 11y2 = 0 can be written as :
-39x2 + 96xy – 11y2 = 0
i.e., (9x2 – 48x2) + (24xy + 72xy) + (16y2 – 27y2) = 0
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) – (48x2 – 72xy + 27y2) = 0
i.e. (9x2 + 24xy + 16y2) – 3(16x2 – 24xy + 9y2) = 0
i.e. (3x + 4y)2 – 3(4x – 3y)2 = 0
Hence, the line 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and the lines
(3x + 4y)2 – 3(4x – 3y)2 form the sides of an equilateral triangle.

Question 18.
Show that lines x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 and x + y = √6 form an equilateral triangle. Find its area and perimeter.
Solution:

x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 and x + y = √6 form a triangle OAB which is equilateral.
Let OM be the perpendicular from the origin O to AB whose equation is x + y = √6
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 22
In right angled triangle OAM,
word image 19146 58 ∴ OA = 2
∴ length of the each side of the equilateral triangle OAB = 2 units.
∴ perimeter of ∆ OAB = 3 × length of each side
= 3 × 2 = 6 units.

Question 19.
If the slope of one of the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is square of the other then show that a2b + ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh.
Solution:

Let m be the slope of one of the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
Then the other line has slope m2
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 23
Multiplying by b3, we get,
-8h3 = ab2 + a2b – 6abh
∴ a2b + ab2 + 8h3 = 6abh
This is the required condition.

Question 20.

word image 19146 61
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 25

Question 21.
Show that the difference between the slopes of lines given by (tan2θ + cos2θ )x2 – 2xytanθ + (sin2θ )y2 = 0 is two.
Solution:

Comparing the equation (tan2θ + cos2θ)x2 – 2xy tan θ + (sin2θ) y2 = 0 with ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0, we get,
a = tan2θ + cos2θ, 2h = -2 tan θ and b = sin2θ
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by the given equation.
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 26
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 27

Question 22.
Find the condition that the equation ay2 + bxy + ex + dy = 0 may represent a pair of lines.
Solution:

Comparing the equation
ay2 + bxy + ex + dy = 0 with
Ax2 + 2Hxy + By2 + 2Gx + 2Fy + C = 0, we get,
A = 0, H = b2, B = a,G = e2, F = d2, C = 0
The given equation represents a pair of lines,
word image 19146 65
i.e. if bed – ae2 = 0
i.e. if e(bd – ae) = 0
i.e. e = 0 or bd – ae = 0
i.e. e = 0 or bd = ae
This is the required condition.

Question 23.
If the lines given by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an equilateral triangle with the line lx + my = 1 then show that (3a + b)(a + 3b) = 4h2.
Solution:
Since the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 form an equilateral triangle with the line lx + my = 1, the angle between the lines ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is 60°.
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 29
∴ 3(a + b)2 = 4(h2 – ab)
∴ 3(a2 + 2ab + b2) = 4h2 – 4ab
∴ 3a2 + 6ab + 3b2 + 4ab = 4h2
∴ 3a2 + 10ab + 3b2 = 4h2
∴ 3a2 + 9ab + ab + 3b2 = 4h2
∴ 3a(a + 3b) + b(a + 3b) = 4h2
∴ (3a + b)(a + 3b) = 4h2
This is the required condition.

Question 24.
If line x + 2 = 0 coincides with one of the lines represented by the equation x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0 then show that k = -4.
Solution:

One of the lines represented by
x2 + 2xy + 4y + k = 0 … (1)
is x + 2 = 0.
Let the other line represented by (1) be ax + by + c = 0.
∴ their combined equation is (x + 2)(ax + by + c) = 0
∴ ax2 + bxy + cx + 2ax + 2by + 2c = 0
∴ ax2 + bxy + (2a + c)x + 2by + 2c — 0 … (2)
As the equations (1) and (2) are the combined equations of the same two lines, they are identical.
∴ by comparing their corresponding coefficients, we get,
Maharashtra Board 12th Maths Solutions Chapter 4 Pair of Straight Lines Miscellaneous Exercise 4 30
∴ 1 = −4k
∴ k = -4.

Question 25.
Prove that the combined equation of the pair of lines passing through the origin and perpendicular to the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0 is bx2 – 2hxy + ay2 = 0
Solution:
Let m1 and m2 be the slopes of the lines represented by ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0.
word image 19146 68
Now, required lines are perpendicular to these lines.
word image 19146 69
Since these lines are passing through the origin, their separate equations are
word image 19146 70
i.e. m1y= -x and m2y = -x
i.e. x + m1y = 0 and x + m2y = 0
∴ their combined equation is
(x + m1y)(x + m2y) = 0
∴ x2 + (m1 + m2)xy + m1m2y2 = 0
word image 19146 71
∴ bx2 – 2hxy + ay2 = 0.

Question 26.
If equation ax2 – y2 + 2y + c = 1 represents a pair of perpendicular lines then find a and c.
Solution:

The given equation represents a pair of lines perpendicular to each other.
∴ coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
∴ a – 1 = 0 ∴ a = 1
With this value of a, the given equation is
x2 – y2 + 2y + c – 1 = 0
Comparing this equation with
Ax2 + 2Hxy + By2 + 2Gx + 2Fy + C = 0, we get,
A = 1, H = 0, B = -1, G = 0, F = 1, C = c – 1
Since the given equation represents a pair of lines,
word image 19146 72
∴ 1(-c + 1 – 1) – 0 + 0 = 0
∴ -c = 0
∴ c = 0.
Hence, a = 1, c = 0.