Chapter 3 Religious Synthesis
Textbook Questions and Answers
1. Write the related word:
Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar : Karnataka
Meerabai : ……………………. .
Answer:
Mewad
Question 2.
Ramananda : North India
Chaitanya Maha Prabhu : …………… .
Answer:
Bengal
Question 3.
Shri Chakradhar : ………………. .
Shankaradeva : ………………… .
Answer:
(a) Mahanubhav Panth
(b) Bhakti Movement
2. Make a chart to show the people and works related to
Bhakti movement
Mahanubhav Panth
Sikhism
Answer:
| S.no | movements | People | Contribution | ||
| (1) | Bhakti Movement | (a) | Ramanuja and other Acharyas | (a) | Strengthened the base of Bhakti movement in South India. |
| (b) | Sant Ramanand | (b) | Strengthened Bhakti movement in North India. | ||
| (c) | Sant Kabir | (c) | He did not believe in rituals. For him truth | ||
| was God. Preached equality and wanted to bring about Hindu and Muslim unity. He criticised orthodox people in strong terms. | |||||
| (d) | Chaitanya Mahaprabhu | (d) | Underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. Due to his teachings people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed. | ||
| (e) | Shankaradeva | (e) | Spread Bhakti movement in Assam. | ||
| (f) | Narsi Mehta | (f) | Vajshnawa Sant from Gujarat, he gave the message of equality. | ||
| (g) | Sant Mirabai | (g) | Stressed on the importance of devotion to Krishna and gave the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity. | ||
| (h) | Sant Rohidas | (h) | Gave the message of equality and humanity. | ||
| (i) | Basaveshwar | (i) | Spread the lingayat stream of thought. He opposed caste system and emphasised on dignity of labour. | ||
| (j) | Pamp, Purandardasa and others. | (j) | Composed devotional verses in Kannada. | ||
| (2) | Mahanubhav Panth | (a) | Chakradhar Swami | (a) | Preached devotion to Krishna Supported equality Preached in Marathi leading to the development of the Marathi language. |
| (3) | Sikhism | (a) | Guru Nanak | (a) | (1) The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He attempted to bring about religious synthesis and aimed to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity. (2) Emphasized on equality and chaste behaviour. (3) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. |
3. Write about it in your own words.
Question 1.
Sant Kabir became a renowned sant in the Bhakti movement.
Answer:
- Sant Kabir opposed rituals. He did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
- He believed that truth was God.
- He believed in equality opposed differences based on caste, creed, sect and religion.
- He advocated Hindu and Muslim unity and strongly criticised the extremely orthodox people belonging to both Hindu and Muslim religion.
- The impact of Sant Basaveshwar’s work on society.
- Shri Basaveshwar from Karnataka spread the lingayat stream of thought. He preached in Kannada, the language of the people.
- He opposed caste system and stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour.
- Encouraged by his teachings, men and women belonging to all castes began to participate in the religious discussions.
- His followers composed their work in Marathi also.
- His work had a great impact on the society.
4. Complete the following names.
Question 1.
G _ _ _ G _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh
Question 2.
S _ _ _ _ S _
Answer:
Surdasa
Question 3.
G _ _ _ N _ _ _ _
Answer:
Guru Nanak
Question 4.
M _ _ m _ _ _ _ _ _ m _
Answer:
Manmath Swami
Question 5.
M _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i
Answer:
Mirabai
Question 6.
R _ _ _ n _ n _
Answer:
Ramanand
Question 7.
K _ _ i _
Answer:
Kabir
Question 8.
P _ _ p
Answer:
Pamp
Activity
Obtain a devotional song in the tradition of Sufi music and present it in a cultural programme.
Additional Important Questions and Answers
Complete the sentence by choosing the appropriate words from the options given below:
Question 1.
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of _____ (Hindi, Prakrit, Sanskrit)
Answer:
Sanskrit
Question 2.
It is believed that the Bhakti movement originated in ________. (South India, North India, North-East)
Answer:
South India
Question 3.
The _______ were devotees of Shiva. (Alawars, Naynars, Mahanubhav Panth Sect)
Answer:
Naynars
Question 4.
The Alawars were devotees of _______ .(Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu)
Answer:
Vishnu
Question 5.
In _______ , Chaitanya Mahaprabhu underlined the importance of Krishnabhakti. (Bengal, Assam, Gujarat)
Answer:
Bengal
Question 6.
Narsi Mehta was renowned Vaishnawa Sant in _________ (Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan)
Answer:
Gujarat
Question 7.
Belonging to the royal family of Mewad, Sant Mirabai stressed on the importance devotion to ______ (Vishnu, Krishna, Shiva)
Answer:
Krishna
Question 8.
In _______, Basaveshwar spread the lingayat stream of thought. (Karnataka, Punjab, Maharashtra)
Answer:
Karnataka
Question 9.
In the ,______ Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra. (thirteenth century, fifteenth century, seventeenth century)
Answer:
thirteenth century
Question 10.
______ was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of the Sikhs. (Guru Tegh Bahadur, Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Nanak)
Answer:
Guru Nanak
Question 11.
The _______ saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through devotion. (Sufi, Sikhism, Bhakti)
Answer:
Sufi
Question 12.
_______ music has made valuable contribution to Indian Music. (Carnatic, Classical, Sufi)
Answer:
Carnatic
Match the following:
Question 1.
| Column ‘A’ | Column ‘B’ |
| (1) Surdasa | (a) Verses of Krishnabhakti |
| (2) Sant Raskhan | (b) Ramcharita Manasa |
| (3) Sant Tulsidas | (c) Paramarahasya |
| (4) Manmath Swami | (d) Sursagar |
Answer:
1 – d
2 – a
3 – b
4 – c
Write the related word:
Question 1.
Shri Basaveshwar: Karnataka
Sant Narsi Mehta: ________.
Answer:
Gujarat
Question 2.
Guru Nanak: The First Guru
Guru Gobind Singh: ______.
Answer:
Tenth Guru
Name the following:
Question 1.
Practices which’were greatly emphasized in Indian religious life initially.
Answer:
(a) Rituals
(b) Brahmadnyan
Question 2.
The path of devotion which facilitated religious synthesis.
Answer:
Bhakti Marg
Question 3.
The two Bhakti movements which emerged in South India.
Answer:
(a) The Naynar Bhakti Movement
(b) The Alawar Bhakti Movement
Question 4.
Values preached by the Bhakti Movement.
Answer:
(a) Love of God
(b) Humanity
(c) Compassion
(d) Mercy
Question 5.
He and other Acharyas strengthened the base of the Bhakti movement in South India.
Answer:
Ramanuja
Question 6.
One who strengthened the Bhakti movement in North India.
Answer:
Sant Ramanand
Question 7.
Well-known Sant in the Bhakti movement who did not attach any importance to places of pilgrimage, Vratas or idol worship.
Answer:
Sant Kabir
Question 8.
In Bengal due to his teachings, people joined the Bhakti movement by transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
Answer:
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Question 9.
He spread the Bhakti movement in Assam.
Answer:
Shankaradeva
Question 10.
Renowned Vaishnawa Sant in Gujarat who is known as the first poet of the Gujarati language.
Answer:
Narsi Mehta
Question 11.
From the Royal family of Mewad, her devotional verses give the message of devotion, tolerance and humanity.
Answer:
SantMirabai
Question 12.
In Karnataka he spread the lingayat stream of thought.
Answer:
Shri Basaveshwar
Question 13.
Shri Basaveshwar conveyed his teachings in Kannada through this medium.
Answer:
Vachana literature
Question 14.
Any two Great Sants of Karnataka
Answer:
(a) Pamp
(b) Purandardasa
Question 15.
In the thirteenth century he founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra.
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami
Question 16.
The Guru of Chakradhar Swami.
Answer:
Shri Govind Prabhu
Question 17.
The founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Nanak
Question 18.
The followers of Guru Nanak.
Answer:
Sikhs
Question 19.
The Holy Book of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Granth Sahib also known as ‘Aadigrantha’.
Question 20.
Tenth Guru of the Sikhs.
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh
Question 21.
The sect in Islam which believes that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.
Answer:
Sufi Sect
Question 22.
Two great Sufi Saints.
Answer:
(a) Khwaja Moinuddin Chisfi
(b) Shaikh Nijamuddin Avaliya
Answer in one sentence:
Question 1.
What is the important characteristic of the Indian society?
Answer:
Diversity in language and religion is an important characteristic of the Indian society.
Question 2.
Write about the efforts which have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis in social life.
Answer:
Among the other efforts, the Bhakti movement, Sikhism and the Sufi Sect have a significant place in bringing about religious synthesis.
Question 3.
What did the different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasise upon?
Answer:
The different streams of thought that arose in different parts of India emphasised upon harmony between different sects and religions along with devotion to God.
Question 4.
How did the Bhakti movement help in the development of regional languages?
Answer:
The Bhakti movement used the common people’s language instead of Sanskrit and this helped in the development of regional languages.
Question 5.
What did Ramanuja and other Acharyas tell the people?
Answer:
Ramanuja and other Acharyas told the people that God is for all and that God does not discriminate.
Question 6.
What was the impact of the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu from Bengal?
Answer:
Due to the teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, people joined the Bhakti movement transcending the boundaries of caste and creed.
Question 7.
Which value did Shri Basaveshwar stress on and what is his well-known saying?
Answer:
Basaveshwar stressed on the value of Dignity of Labour and his well-known saying is ‘Kayakave Kailas’ which means ‘Work is Kailas’ (Work is worship).
Question 8.
Who founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra? When?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami founded the ‘Mahanubhav Panth’ in Maharashtra in the thirteenth century.
Question 9.
How did Chakradhar Swami contribute to the development of the Marathi language?
Answer:
Chakradhar Swami preferred to preach in Marathi instead of Sanskrit and this led to the development of the Marathi language.
Question 10.
What did the teachings of Guru Nanak aim at?
Answer:
The teachings of Guru Nanak aimed at achieving Hindu-Muslim unity.
Question 11.
What does ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs include?
Answer:
The ‘Aadigrantha’ the Holy Book of the Sikhs includes compositions by Guru Nanak, Sant Namdeo, Sant Kabir and other sants.
Question 12.
What does the Sikhs regard as their Guru? Why?
Answer:
After Guru Gobind Singh, Sikhs regard ‘Guru Granth Sahib’ as their Guru as per the orders of Guru Gobind Singh.
Question 13.
What did the Sufi saints believe in?
Answer:
The Sufi saints believed that God is full of love and the only way to reach him is through love and devotion.
Question 14.
What are the main teachings of the Sufi > Saints?
Answer:
The main teachings of the Sufi Saints are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.
Question 15.
What did the teachings of the Sufi Saints lead to?
Answer:
The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.
Write about it in your own words:
Question 1.
Guru Nanak’s thoughts on religious equality.
Answer:
- Guru Nanak was the founder of Sikhism and the first Guru of Sikhs. He worked towards religious synthesis.
- Having visited the holy places of both Hindus and Muslims, he realised that the feeling of devotion is common in all religion.
- He emphasised on equality and chaste behaviour and aimed to achieve Hindu- Muslim unity through his teachings.
Question 2.
The Sufi sect.
Answer:
- The Sufi sect is an Islamic sect which believes that God is full of love and can be reached only through love and devotion.
- Their main teachings are love for all living beings, meditation and simple living.
- The teachings of Sufi Saints led to unity in the Hindu and Muslim communities.
- Sufi music has made valuable contribution to Indian music.
Complete the following diagram:
Question 1.
Answer: