1A. Choose the correct alternative and write complete sentences.
Question 1.
The last emperor of the Mauryan dynasty was ______________
(a) Ajatshatru
(b) Chandragupta Maurya
(c) Brihadratha
(d) Emperor Ashoka
Answer:
(c) Brihadratha
Question 2.
The Nashik inscription, mentions king ______________ as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’.
(a) Gautamiputra Satakarni
(b) Hala
(c) Yadnashre Satakarni
(d) Simuka
Answer:
(a) Gautamiputra Satakarni
Question 3.
Satavahana King, Hala, compiled ______________
(a) Brihatkatha
(b) Gatha Saptashati
(c) Katantra
(d) Meghadoota
Answer:
(b) Gadha saptashati
1B. Find the incorrect pair from set B and write the correct ones.
Question 1.
| Set ‘A’ | Set ‘B’ |
| (a) Kalidasa | Malavikagnimitram |
| (b) Gunadhya | Gatha Saptashati |
| (c) Sarvavarma | Katantra |
| (d) Patanjali | Mahabhashya |
Answer:
(b) Gunadhya – Brihatkatha
2. Explain the following statements with reasons.
Question 1.
During the Satavahana period, there was the rise of many trade centers.
Answer:
- During the Satavahana period, many industries and trade flourished.
- Various shrenis (guilds) emerged during this period.
- The trade and industries were controlled with the help of these shrenis. The shrenis also provided loans. Indo-Roman trade also flourished during this period.
- Trade centres like Pratishthan (Paithan), Tagar (Ter), Nasik (Nashik), Karhatak (Karhad) during the Satavahana period.
Question 2.
The caste system became rigid during the Satavahana period.
Answer:
- The society of Satavahanas was organized into four varnas.
- The caste system during this period became deep-rooted.
- The intermixture of varnas and castes, the closed nature of different guilds, need of including foreigners in the social structure were some of the reasons why the caste system became rigid.
3 Give your opinion.
Question 1.
Prakrit language was encouraged during the Satavahanas period.
Answer:
- Learning and art received royal patronage during the Satavahana period.
- Prakrit language and literature flourished during this period.
- Hala, the seventeenth king of the Satavahanas compiled ‘Gathasaptashati’.
Gunadhya, a minister in his court wrote a text ‘Brihatkatha’ in Prakrit language named Paishachi. - Thus, the Prakrit language was encouraged during the Satavahanas period.
4. Write short notes.
Question 1.
Nashik inscription of Gautami Balasri
Answer:
- The reign and achievements of Satavahana Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni can be found in the Nashik inscription of his mother Gautami Balashri.
- Gautamiputra Satakarni is mentioned as ‘Shakapahlavyavannisudan’ i.e., destroyer of Shakas, Pallavas, and Greeks,
- Satavahanakulayashahpratishthapankar’ i.e., one who reinstalled the success of the Satavahana family and ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ i.e., one whose horses drank the water of the three seas.
Question 2.
Naneghat-ancient trade route in Maharashtra
Answer:
- Naneghat is a mountain pass on the ancient trade route in Maharashtra.
- This route connects the ancient town of ‘Jirnanagar’ (Junnar) and the Kokan province.
- Sopara and Kalyan were the most important trade centers in ancient Maharashtra.
- Internal as well as foreign trade was carried on from these towns.
- Goods imported from Rome were unloaded at Sopara and from there it was carried over to Paithan and Kolhapur.
Question 3.
Gatha Saptashati
Answer:
- Hala compiled several poems in Prakrit. He selected 700 verses and compiled them and named them ‘Gaha Sattasai’ (Gatha Saptashati).
- This was the first text compared in the Maharashtri Prakrit language.
- The subject of these poems portrays human nature and transaction.
- Various religious observance, ethical norms, and contemporary festivals are described in it. Gathasaptasati reflects the social life in Maharashtra of the Satavahana period.
5. Write information about the Satavahana dynasty with the help of given points.
Question 1.
(a) Rise and expansion
(b) Administrative system
(c) Trade and industries
(d) Literature and art
Answer:
(a) Rise and expansion: After the disintegration of the Mauryan Empire, many new powers arose. Among them, the Satavahanas are mentioned as the earliest ruling dynasty in Maharashtra. The Satavahanas ruled over a vast region of Maharashtra, Andhra, and Karnataka. Parithan. Maharashtra was the capital of the Satavahanas. The mention of Puranas the Andhras or Andhrabhrutyas’ Probably these terms refer to the Satavahanas. Simuka was the first Satavahana king to be mentioned in the Naneghat inscription.
The most important king of this dynasty was Shri Satakarni, Hala, Gautamiputra Satakarni and Yajna Satakarni. Gautamiputra Satakarni conquered the Shakas and also Central India and the entire regions of Dakshinapatha. He also established his dominance over the Republic states in Central India and Rajasthan. Gautamiputra proved his strength by gaining victory over Nahapana. The Satavahana rule became weak due to the constant struggle between Shakas and Satavahanas.
(b) Administrative system: The state was divided into small provinces. Every province was under civil and military officials. Civil officials such as ‘Amatya’ ‘Mahabhoj’ and military officials such as ‘Mahasenapati’ and ‘Maharathi’ were appointed. Grama (village) was the smallest unit of administration. Grama was a source of revenue and also for the recruitment of soldiers during war-like situations. Grama was an integral part of the central machinery.
(c) Trade and industries: Agriculture was the main source of income. Along with it many industries and trade flourished. Various Shrenis (Guilds) also emerged during this period. The trade and industries were controlled with the help of these shrenis. Indo-Roman trade also flourished during the Satavahana period. Trade centers like Pratishthan (Paithan), Tagar (Ter), Nasik (Nashik), Karhatak (Karhad) developed during this period. Cotton cloth, muslin, and sackcloth, and other merchandise were the terms of trade. Kalyan, Sopara, Bhadoch were important trade centers.
(d) Literature and art: Learning and art received royal patronage. Prakrit language and literature flourished. Hala compiled ‘Gathasaptashati’. Gunadhya, a minister wrote Brihatkatha in a Prakrit language called Paishachi. Sarvavarma wrote a treatise on Sanskrit grammar named ‘ Katantra’. A new native Indian style emerged in this period. The four gateways (Toranas) of the Sanchi Stupa No.1 built during this period are excellent examples of this style. Many incidents from the life of Gautama Buddha are carved on these gateways. A number of rock-cut caves at Bhaje, Nashik, Karle, etc., belong to this period. Especially the Chaitya at Karle, its magnificent facade entrance and sculptural are the finest examples of the sculptural art of this period.
Activity
Collect information about historical remains in your surrounding area and prepare an information booklet based on the gathered information.
Answer:
Prepare a booklet based on the information gathered on the historical remains.